How to Control Diabetes? What is type2 diabetes? How to prevent diabetes?

 

What are the complications caused by Diabetes?

Overview

Blood glucose is the body's primary source of energy, and insulin permits blood glucose to enter cells and be transformed into energy.

Diabetes mellitus, also known as diabetes, is a chronic condition caused by either insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or ineffective insulin utilization by the body.

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Diabetes is classified into three types:

Type 1 diabetes- is an autoimmune illness that begins when the body's insulin production fails. The immune system targets and destroys pancreatic cells. Patients with type 1 diabetes must receive insulin shots for the rest of their lives.

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Type 2 diabetes-The most prevalent type of diabetes is Type 2 diabetes, which arises when the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading sugar to build up in the blood. Prolonged high blood glucose levels in the blood force pancreatic beta cells to work harder to release and manufacture enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels under control. This scenario results in the loss of beta cells as well as a reduction in their effectiveness. Beta cells may eventually be unable to produce enough insulin to keep blood sugar levels under control.

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Gestational diabetes- Some women develop gestational diabetes throughout their pregnancy. It has no symptoms and is caused by the placenta generating hormones that produce high blood glucose levels. Although gestational diabetes normally goes away after pregnancy, affected women are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes.

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What are the consequences of diabetes?

Diabetes patients are at a higher risk of acquiring a variety of major health issues. High blood glucose levels on a regular basis can lead to significant disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, eyes, foot, kidneys, nerves, and teeth. Complications are especially likely in cases of uncontrolled blood sugar.

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Let's take a look at some of the problems that uncontrolled diabetes can cause in the body.

Complications with the eyes

Diabetes-related eye problems include:

  • Diabetes-Related Retinopathy
  • Diabetes damages the blood vessels of the retina, the light-sensitive tissue in the back of the eye.
  • Diabetic Retinopathy can cause no or minor vision issues. However, if left untreated, it might result in blindness.

Cataract

Cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that causes visual loss. Cataracts usually grow gradually and might impair one or both eyes. Symptoms include faded colours, hazy or double vision, halos surrounding lights, difficulty seeing in strong light, and difficulty seeing at night.

Glaucoma

  • Glaucoma is a set of eye illnesses in which the eye pressure rises above normal levels, causing damage to the optic nerves.
  •  Diabetes substantially doubles the risk of glaucoma in adulthood. If neglected, it can lead to irreversible blindness.

 Complications with the feet

  • Diabetes uncontrolled causes nerve and blood vessel damage in the foot and surrounding area. These damages can result in diabetic foot infection.
  • Tingling, numbness, burning, or pain in the toes or fingers can result. If left untreated, it can lead to wound healing issues, where a simple incident, such as a shoe bite, might result in a wound that will not heal.

 If not treated promptly, this might progress to a dangerous condition that may necessitate amputation of the foot or leg.

 Cardiovascular problems

  • Uncontrolled diabetes can cause a variety of serious cardiac problems, including ischemic heart disease, which occurs when the blood supply to the heart muscle is reduced or obstructed. 
  • Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in diabetics. High blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose levels, among other risk factors, all contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.

Complications with the kidneys

  • Diabetes impairs kidney function, allowing waste to accumulate in the body. The harm normally happens gradually over time. 
  • Severe damage can result in renal failure and the need for dialysis and transplantation. Diabetes is the major cause of chronic renal disease and end-stage kidney disease worldwide.

Complications of pregnancy

  • Diabetes can also cause issues in neonates, such as jaundice or respiratory problems, as well as an excessively high birth weight, which can result in more injuries during labour.
  •  Children who are exposed to high blood glucose levels in the womb for an extended period of time are more likely to acquire diabetes later in life.
  • To avoid complications, all women with diabetes during pregnancy, whether type 1 or type 2, should strive for target blood glucose levels throughout.

Complications of the mouth

  • Diabetes, in addition to affecting our essential organs, can result in oral issues.
  • Diabetes patients are more likely to experience gum inflammation if their blood glucose levels are not appropriately maintained.
  • Gum inflammation is a primary cause of tooth loss. Diabetes patients also have dry mouth, mouth ulcers, and foul breath.

Sexual Issues

Diabetes is the most common cause of erectile dysfunction in men. Erectile dysfunction can be caused by reduced blood flow and nerve injury.

When their blood glucose levels are high, men with diabetes may have a reduced libido and may not feel like having sex.

Some diabetic women may develop sexual issues such as

  •  Dryness of the cervix
  • Sexual desire has decreased.
  • Yeast infection, pain during sex, and difficulty achieving an orgasm
  • Despite a significant frequency of sexual dysfunction in both men and women being documented over the last decade, only a small percentage of patients seek therapy due to the associated social stigma.

Diabetes-Related Neuropathy

  • Uncontrolled diabetes can cause nerve damage, making it difficult for nerves to convey messages between the brain and the rest of the body. Diabetic neuropathy mostly affects the nerves in the legs and feet.
  • Diabetes neuropathy can be avoided by maintaining good blood sugar control and leading a healthy lifestyle.
  • Diabetes, as we can see, can create a variety of issues in the body. Proper diabetes treatment, on the other hand, can prevent or decrease the course of many diabetes problems.


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